From the Senate to the White House: Comparing John F. Kennedy’s Evolving Position on Colonialism in Algeria and Palestine

Abstract

This dissertation examines the evolution of John F. Kennedy‗s foreign policy stance on Algeria and Palestine, both during his time as a U.S. Senator and later as President. As a Senator, Kennedy was a vocal advocate for self-determination and often supported emerging nations in the Third World. He notably criticized French colonial rule in Algeria, demonstrating early support for Algerian independe5nce. However, once he took the presidency, his administration adopted a more cautious approach due to the strategic alliance with France. In contrast, Kennedy's position on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was more complex. His decision to authorize the sale of Hawk missiles to Israel marked the beginning of the U.S.-Israeli special relationship. This study argues that Kennedy‗s policies towards Algeria and Palestine were influenced primarily by Cold War competition and domestic political considerations, reflecting Realpolitik and idealism. The aim of this research is to provide an overview of Kennedy‗s background and his policies toward North Africa and the Middle East, focusing on key events during his presidency. The study adopts a historical methodology to analyze significant developments such as the Palestinian Fedayeen and the Algerian FLN a key resistance movement. The findings suggest that Kennedy‘s foreign policy approach tended to prioritize geopolitical strategy over consistent ideological support for decolonization movements.