03-Letters and English Language
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Item TheImpact of Capitalism and Taxation Policies on US Economic Stability during Barack Obama Presidency ( 2009-2017)(University of the Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa, 2024) Soltani Chahinez, Zaine SamiraThis research paper examines how taxes and capitalism impacted the stability of the US economy between 2009 and 2017, the year barak obama took office and the global.........Item Breaking The Rules of Communication: The Humorous Implicatures of Grice’s Maxims in "Who's On First?" Sketch(University of the Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa, 2024) Hadjeres Zineb, Menai ImeneHumor is a ubiquitous and essential aspect of human communication, enriching social interactions and fostering connections among individuals. This dissertation investigates how violations of Grice's maxims in conversation contribute to humor generation. Grice's Cooperative Principle, encompassing maxims of Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner, provides a theoretical framework for understanding effective communication. However, humor often arises from intentional deviations from these maxims, leading to incongruous interpretations that evoke laughter. Drawing on theoretical perspectives such as Incongruity theory, Script-based semantic theory and general theory of verbal humor, this study explores the mechanisms through which violations of Grice's maxims contribute to humor in everyday conversations. Through qualitative analysis of naturally occurring instances of humor in conversation, this research aims to elucidate specific strategies and mechanisms underlying humor generation. Findings have shown how violating Grice's maxims affects humor, by analyzing "who's on first?" sketch, we can see how violations caused misunderstandings and misinterpretations that led to humor's creation.Item The Use of Ironic Discourse :Bassem Youssef’s Interview with Piers Morgan.(University of the Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa, 2024) Bouthaina Aisset, Salma DjeddiThis study examine the use of ironic discourse in Bassem Youssef’s with Piers Morgan within the media context. The research aims to highlight the significance of irony as a rhetorical strategy used by politicians to advocate for political issues and reveal truths. Employing a qualitative approach, the study delves into the ideological dimension of irony using “Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive framework”, which scrutinizes the cognitive processes involved in meaning interpretations. Furthermore, thematic analysis methods are utilized to pinpoint and analyze prominent themes from the interview. The analysis reveals how ironic discourse can challenge prevailing narratives and foster critical thinking among audiences, influencing their perspectives on the ongoing oppression, suffering, and multifaceted violence in Palestine. The results demonstrated that the use of ironic discourse by Bassem Youssef through his discussion of various topics had an obvious impact on people’s opinions as well as their perspectives. His ironic language contributed to uncover the illegal and the oppressive actions carried out by Israel in the Gaza Strip to remove Hamas, and this reflects the transformative power of ironic discourse in shaping attitudes and social perspectives towards the Palestinian issue within media context. This research highlights the pivotal role of ironic discourse in media in catalyzing social change.Item The Role of Teachers` Oral Feedback in Enhancing Pupils` Pronunciation Proficiency of the Schwa Sound Case Study: Third-Year Middle School Pupils in Cheria City(University of the Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa, 2024) Otmani Nabiha, Belhouchet ChaimaThe present study explores the role of the English Teacher’s oral feedback in enhancing the third year middle school pupils accuracy during the pronunciation of the schwa |ə| sound errors in Cheria city. This study opts for the qualitative research method by using classroom observation as the only tool to identify errors and difficulties during pupils’ English language production and to observe whether they refine their schwa pronunciation based on their tutor’s oral feedback. According to the hypothesis which states that teachers’ oral feedback enhances the third-year middle school pupils’ accuracy in pronouncing the schwa |ə| sound, the class observation was conducted in Cheria in three middle schools with 103 pupils in three classrooms. Researchers found that rectifying the schwa sound depends on the teachers` pronunciation and the employed Oral Feedback techniques. Therefore, the formulated hypothesis is proved. The findings reveal that the teacher’s oral feedback is an efficient strategy that can assist pupils in pronouncing this sound and offer opportunities for adjustment and refinement to achieve proper reticulation. Accordingly, some essential recommendations are stated for both pupils and teachers in which pupils should actively use feedback, seek independent resources, and embrace mistakes. As well as, teachers should provide varied feedback, use creative strategies, create a positive learning environment, encourage participation, and model clear pronunciation. . These recommendations are designed for further researchers, teachers, and course designers to prioritize English pronunciation inside foreign language middle schools' classes and syllabuses.Item Intersectionality and women's resistance in homegoing by yaa gyasi(University of the Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa, 2024) Farah Raounak, Djabali Niamat AllahThis dissertation aims to study and analyze intersectionality and woman’s resistance in Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing through shedding light on the experiences of black female characters. It examines the various forms of oppression and discrimination, based on race, gender, and class, that black women face in society. This dissertation uses black feminism and postcolonial feminism as theoretical frameworks to analyze the experiences of marginalized black women across generations. The intersecting identities and intergenerational trauma play a crucial role in shaping the experiences of the female characters, leading to multiple strategies and responses for resistance and resilience. Consequently, these female characters change their circumstances across several generations which reflect their ability to achieve justice and equality, and their efforts to make their voices heard.Item Breaking The Rules of Communication: The Humorous Implicatures of Grice’s Maxims in "Who's On First?" Sketch(University of the Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa, 2024) Zineb Hadjeres, Menai ImeneHumor is a ubiquitous and essential aspect of human communication, enriching social interactions and fostering connections among individuals. This dissertation investigates how violations of Grice's maxims in conversation contribute to humor generation. Grice's Cooperative Principle, encompassing maxims of Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner, provides a theoretical framework for understanding effective communication. However, humor often arises from intentional deviations from these maxims, leading to incongruous interpretations that evoke laughter. Drawing on theoretical perspectives such as Incongruity theory, Script-based semantic theory and general theory of verbal humor, this study explores the mechanisms through which violations of Grice's maxims contribute to humor in everyday conversations. Through qualitative analysis of naturally occurring instances of humor in conversation, this research aims to elucidate specific strategies and mechanisms underlying humor generation. Findings have shown how violating Grice's maxims affects humor, by analyzing "who's on first?" sketch, we can see how violations caused misunderstandings and misinterpretations that led to humor's creation.Item The Obfuscation of Memory and Trauma in Postmodern Slave Narrative. "I am Beloved and She is Mine ". A Case Study Beloved By Toni Morrison(University of the Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa, 2024) Abdelmalek amina, Khemaissia YasmineThe leitmotif of slavery was the nexus of several writers. They forage for the traumatized exigencies of slaves by wielding copious narrative styles to obstruct the stereotypical simulacrum of slavery. Toni Morrison was among those writers, who rallied against the expunction of the unspeakable slaves. Via the use of postmodern slave narrative, indubitably, she tends to rewrite the slave history in Beloved, in which she adopts the story of Margaret Garner who escaped from the institution of slavery, by using the fictitious character Sethe. This study investigates How Toni Morrison uses the postmodern slave narrative to portray the Trauma and memory of slavery, by the use of qualitative, as well as analytical, and Descriptive approaches to analyze closely the depiction of trauma and memory in Beloved. Additionally, the ultimate aim to portray the manifestation of critical race theory in the novel and its emphasis on the historical context of slavery .Item A Comparative Content Analysis of GPT Translation vs Human Translation: The Case of Journalistic Political Texts(Université du Martyr Cheikh Larbi Tebessi, Tébessa, 2024) Derbazi Amir, Grib LindaTranslation is crucial for global communication, enabling the exchange of ideas, culture, and knowledge in different fields such as journalism. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized translation processes, posing challenges to traditional human translators. This study aims to compare and explore the effectiveness of translation between human translators and ChatGPT, focusing on cultural, syntactical, semantic, and linguistic dimensions. Qualitative research method, specifically comparative content analysis, is employed to address two key research questions which are: how does ChatGPT's translation differ from human translation in terms of accuracy and conformity to the source text? And To what extent can ChatGPT handle vocabulary, cultural nuances, semantics, and syntax compared to human translation and what are the reasons behind the committed mistakes? The study findings highlight distinct strengths of human translators in capturing subtle cultural nuances and emotional resonances, managing idiomatic expressions, metaphors, and semantic distinctions with clarity and accuracy, in journalistic political writing. In contrast, ChatGPT's translation errors often stem from its reliance on statistical correlations rather than nuanced contextual understanding and cultural sensitivity. They are predominantly unintentional due to algorithmic limitations rather than intentional biases. Future research should explore hybrid approaches combining AI capabilities with human oversight to enhance translation quality. Developing AI models that integrate cultural and contextual awareness could mitigate current limitations and the need for collaborative efforts between AI developers and human translators to improve AI's ability to handle complex linguistic and cultural nuances effectively.Item EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA POST-APARTHAID DILEMMA(Université du Martyr Cheikh Larbi Tebessi, Tébessa, 2024) Rais, Lotfi IslemThis dissertation, titled "Education in South Africa: Post-apartheid Dilemma," investigates the significant impact of colonial and apartheid history on the South African education system. It explores how colonialism and apartheid policies created profound inequalities, segregating schools based on race and providing inferior education to non-white students. The study also examines post-apartheid reforms aimed at addressing these historical injustices, highlighting the ongoing challenges of achieving equitable education. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical and current educational practices, the dissertation seeks to understand the persistent disparities and suggest potential strategies for improvement. Keywords: Apartheid, Post-apartheid Reforms, Educational Inequality, Bantu Education Act, Racial SegregationItem Humor as a Politeness Strategy in Informal Interactions among Master One EFL Learners at Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University(University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) Abdeldjalil BOUCHAGOURA, Nourhane NOURIAccording to Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory, politeness manages face-threatening acts to maintain social harmony, while humor, according to Martin’s Humor Styles Questionnaire, fosters connection through positive styles like affiliative and self-enhancing humor. This study investigates how humor functions as a politeness strategy in informal interactions among Master One EFL learners at Laarbi Tebessi University. It is grounded in Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory (1987) and Martin’s Humor Style Questionnaire (2003), which together provide the theoretical foundation for analyzing politeness and humor strategies. It addresses the research problem of how learners use humor as a politeness strategy. To investigate the two main research questions, the first question aims to explore the types and functions of humor used, while the second question focuses on how humor is strategically employed as a politeness strategy. Adopting a qualitative approach, this study employs Conversation Analysis to examine spontaneous interactions collected through phone-recorded informal conversations. The population consists of Master One students specializing in Language Sciences, from which a sample of 13 participants was drawn to take part in three sessions, two group-specific and one joint session. The findings underscore humor’s instrumental role in fostering smooth interaction. These insights demonstrate that humor effectively supports politeness by fostering rapport and reinforcing a sense of in-group identity, and advance the understanding of its pragmatic functions.Item An Evaluation of Pronunciation Instructions in Algerian Middle School EFL Coursebooks in Light of the Competency-Based Approach: The Case of My Book of English Fourth Year Middle School.(University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) Imen OUNIS, Alaeddine BEDRIIn English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings, accurate pronunciation is fundamental for an effective language acquisition affecting learners' confidence, intelligibility and communicative success in real-life contexts. However, pronunciation instructions in the Algerian EFL coursebook receive limited attention and remain inadequately addressed. This study explores how pronunciation instructions are integrated into the official fourth year middle school coursebook My Book of English, and the extent to which they align with the principles of the Competency-Based Approach (CBA). A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining a structured questionnaire distributed to 21 EFL teachers, with content analysis of the coursebook. The questionnaire explored fourth year middle school teachers’ perceptions of the adequacy, clarity, and effectiveness of these components. The coursebook analysis examined the pedagogical design of pronunciation components. Findings indicate that while pronunciation tasks are present, they are often mechanical, inconsistently implemented, and poorly integrated into communicative contexts, with an uneven focus on supra-segmental features. Teachers also reported limited training and a lack of resources to teach pronunciation effectively. The study concludes that coursebook content should be revised to include more communicative, interactive, and multimodal pronunciation instructions. Furthermore, recommendations include the integration of audio-visual aids, context-based practice, and increased teacher training. Overall, the study offers practical insights for curriculum developers, coursebook authors, and teacher educators aiming to enhance pronunciation instructions in Algerian EFL contexts.Item Challenges of Translating Financial Terminologies from Arabic to English in an Islamic Banking Context: Insights from Translators Practices(University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) Baha Eddine MESLOUB, Mohamed Tayeb MENIDJELThis research examined the difficulties translators encounter when converting Arabic financial texts into English, particularly emphasizing Islamic banking terminology. The study aimed to explore cultural factors that hinder translation due to lexical discrepancies between Arabic and English and to identify commonly used translation strategies. A qualitative research approach was employed, involving professional Arabic-English translators tasked with translating Arabic financial texts into English. The texts were analysed to determine how four translators addressed Islamic banking terms and whether these challenges affected the translation's effectiveness. Additionally, interviews were conducted with translators to gain deeper insights into the obstacles they face and the underlying causes. The study was grounded in two theoretical frameworks: Nida’s dynamic equivalence theory and Vermeer’s Skopos theory. the research revealed that translating terms related to Islamic banking presents significant challenges, including the absence of direct equivalents, culturally specific financial terms, and insufficient financial expertise. The findings indicated that the method of translation directly influenced the accuracy and clarity of the intended message. They also highlighted effective strategies and methods that aid in the translation process, which are primarily influenced by the target audience’s familiarity with Islamic finance. For audiences well-versed in the field, a transliteration approach may suffice; however, when the audience lacks knowledge, a combination of transliteration and further explanation is advisable. To address the challenges identified, the researcher recommended that translators develop a deep understanding of the target culture and enhance their knowledge of Islamic finance prior to engaging in translation.Item Rewriting Sleeping Beauty: A Feminist and Narrative Analysis of Disney’s Maleficent (2014) and Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019) as Contemporary Adaptations.(University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) Sahiri, KhouloudUsing a feminist rereading of the Sleeping Beauty fairy tale, this study investigates how Disney’s Maleficent and Maleficent: Mistress of Evil question conventional gender roles, power relations, and narrative structures. Tracing the patriarchal roots of traditional fairy tales and analyzing how modern versions challenge these conventions by reframing justice, motherhood, and female agency are the main focuses of this work. The main goal of this study is to examine the ideological shifts enabled by Maleficent, especially in regard to how the title character is portrayed as a multifaceted hero rather than a flat antagonist. The approach combines feminist theory, adaptation studies, and visual analysis to explore narrative and cinematic devices that reinterpret power, kinship, and morality. Intersectional feminist critiques, Barbara Creed’s notion of the “monstrous-feminine,” and Linda Hutcheon’s adaptation theory are important frameworks informing this research. The results imply that Maleficent emphasises female sovereignty, chosen kinship, and restorative justice, thereby subverting conventional fairy tale clichés. The films promote non-biological motherhood as feminist resistance, prioritise reconciliation over violence, and replace moral absolutes with complex ambiguity. These narrative and visual strategies reflect broader cultural dialogues on trauma, gender politics, and collective empowerment. In essence, this dissertation contributes to current debates on female narratives in modern media. Maleficent demonstrates how fairy tale adaptations can serve as powerful vehicles for cultural critique and ideological transformation, offering new classic story. paradigms of power, identity, and representation through the critical rereading of aItem The Impact of the 2003 American Invasion on the Intellectual Legacy in Iraq(Université du Martyr Cheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) Anis BOUAKKAZ, Saif Eddine BOUTORAThis dissertation investigates the profound impact of the 2003 American invasion of Iraq on the nation's intellectual legacy, cultural identity, and historical heritage. The study is rooted in the premise that Iraq, historically known as the cradle of civilization and a beacon of learning, suffered significant intellectual and cultural disruption due to war, foreign intervention, and internal fragmentation. The central research questions address how the invasion affected Iraq’s intellectual and cultural institutions, what short- and long-term consequences arose from the destruction of archives and educational infrastructure, and what recovery efforts are underway. To answer these questions, the study adopts a qualitative methodology based on historical analysis, critical discourse review, and case studies. Primary sources include government and institutional documents, while secondary materials span academic articles, reports, and scholarly commentary. The dissertation unfolds across three analytical chapters. The first provides a historical overview of Iraqi intellectualism from Mesopotamia to the pre-2003 era. The second chapter analyzes the destruction caused by the invasion, including looted museums, displaced scholars, and the rise of sectarian ideologies. The final chapter evaluates ongoing restoration efforts, such as government-led initiatives, international collaborations, digital archiving, and the restitution of stolen artifacts. Findings indicate that the invasion led to a severe decline in Iraq’s intellectual sovereignty and cultural continuity. However, current interventions—though limited—suggest a gradual movement toward recovery and preservation. This dissertation contributes to broader debates on post-conflict reconstruction, cultural memory, and intellectual resilience in the modern Middle East.Item The Impact of the 2003 American Invasion on the Intellectual Legacy in Iraq(University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) Anis BOUAKKAZ, Saif Eddine BOUTORAThis dissertation investigates the profound impact of the 2003 American invasion of Iraq on the nation's intellectual legacy, cultural identity, and historical heritage. The study is rooted in the premise that Iraq, historically known as the cradle of civilization and a beacon of learning, suffered significant intellectual and cultural disruption due to war, foreign intervention, and internal fragmentation. The central research questions address how the invasion affected Iraq’s intellectual and cultural institutions, what short- and long-term consequences arose from the destruction of archives and educational infrastructure, and what recovery efforts are underway. To answer these questions, the study adopts a qualitative methodology based on historical analysis, critical discourse review, and case studies. Primary sources include government and institutional documents, while secondary materials span academic articles, reports, and scholarly commentary. The dissertation unfolds across three analytical chapters. The first provides a historical overview of Iraqi intellectualism from Mesopotamia to the pre-2003 era. The second chapter analyzes the destruction caused by the invasion, including looted museums, displaced scholars, and the rise of sectarian ideologies. The final chapter evaluates ongoing restoration efforts, such as government-led initiatives, international collaborations, digital archiving, and the restitution of stolen artifacts. Findings indicate that the invasion led to a severe decline in Iraq’s intellectual sovereignty and cultural continuity. However, current interventions—though limited—suggest a gradual movement toward recovery and preservation. This dissertation contributes to broader debates on post-conflict reconstruction, cultural memory, and intellectual resilience in the modern Middle East.Item Investigating EFL Students and Teachers Attitudes Toward Using ChatGPT in English Language Learning and Teaching The Case of Master Two Students and Teachers at Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University - Tebessa(University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) Idris BOUGUETOF, Ikam MECHIRThis dissertation investigates Master 2 students' and teachers' attitudes toward the use of ChatGPT in EFL education at Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tébessi University. Given that it covers both positive and negative aspects, this study focuses on this technology’s perceived pedagogical value, application in language learning and teaching, as well as restrictions and major problems faced. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was suggested as a framework to examine the perceived ease of use and usefulness of ChatGPT, offering insight into how students and teachers respond to its integration in the EFL context. The study follows a descriptive-exploratory approach, employing a survey design and collecting data via two mixed-format questionnaires. The work targets a population of 57 Master Two students and 13 teachers, selected through census sampling. Findings indicate mixed attitudes, with students typically having a more positive impression praising its flexibility, feedback, and potential to support self-directed learning yet they also show awareness of challenges related to over-reliance and the reliability of information. Teachers, on the other hand, showed more skepticism; while recognizing the tool's potential and personalized assistance, they also shared concerns with students and further emphasized issues like academic integrity and ethical risks, along with the necessity for extensive training to incorporate AI tools efficiently. The research emphasizes the need for guided applications and institutional policy implementation to address its limitations. The study adds valuable knowledge regarding the evolving role of AI technology in EFL education, along with practical suggestions for implications that combine innovation with pedagogic responsibility.Item Bridging Language Needs in Nursing Education: An Assessment of EMI Course Materials at Algeria’s National Institute of Higher Paramedical Training, Tebessa(University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) Rahma AYEB, Ghoufrane MAINAThere has been a greater attention in more recent years given to the teaching of ESP (English for Specific Purposes), notably in the healthcare field, due to the use of English as an international language for science and medicine. This study investigates the effectiveness of current ESP course materials in addressing the linguistic and communicative needs of Algerian nursing students in different specialties, including general nursing, midwifery, and radiology. It aims to evaluate whether the current EMP materials used in nursing programs are effectively addressing the specific language needs of Algerian nursing students. There is a necessity for relevant ESP education; In Algeria, this shift is particularly evident, as English is increasingly replacing French in key sectors such as higher education and medical services. This research was designed to investigate two main questions: How effective are the current ESP course materials in equipping Algerian nursing students with the English language skills required for their academic studies within their specialty? Also, are there specific gaps in the ESP materials that need to be addressed to better support nursing students? This study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach combining both quantitative content-analysis and qualitative discussion; the data was gathered through discussion with paramedical sector involving students across different specialties (general nursing, midwifery, and radiology). Findings show that current ESP materials are moderately aligned with nursing specialty vocabulary and knowledge, but there is an insufficient integration of all four language skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking) and authentic communication in real situation. The study recommends developing skill-integrated, context–oriented learning materials and, competency–focused tasks into course design.Item "Exploring the Influence of Arabic and French on First-Year Biology Students English Pronunciation in the Wake of the Englishization of Algerian Higher Education"""(University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) Rime ATHMANI, Asma HARETThe study explores the influence of Arabic and French on the English pronunciation in English Medium Instruction (EMI) in Algerian universities. More particularly, it enquires how first-year biology students from Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University have difficulty with scientific terminology pronunciation during EMI lectures. Drawing on language transfer theory, the study examines the patterns of phonological interference from the students’ L1 (Arabic) and L2 (French). A mixed-method design combines four-session class observations with a student questionnaire distributed through QR code. Observation checklists provide for exploration of frequent types of pronunciation errors, including vowel and consonant substitution, stress errors, and syllable reduction. Quantitative findings indicate that most pronunciation difficulties are consistent with predictable transfer from Arabic and French phonetic systems. Qualitative data from classroom interaction and questionnaire responses also indicate students' lack of exposure to English scientific terms and their employment of French equivalents. The dissertation concludes that language transfer is a significant contributor to the pronunciation of EMI classes, with a plea for targeted pronunciation in subject-specific English instruction. The findings have implications for EMI policy implementation, teacher training, and material design in multilingual educational settings.Item The Role of GPT to Enhance Master Students’ English Academic Vocabulary in Academic Writing: The Case of First-Year Masters' LS Students at Tebessa University(University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) SAADI El-houcine, GHEZIL IkhlasThis dissertation investigates the role of GPT as a language model on academic vocabulary development in academic writing, focusing on first-year Master's students in Language Sci- ences at Tebessa University. The study aims to provide comprehensive insights into the effec- tiveness of the model on students' performance in learning and using academic vocabulary. The research used a mixed data collection method through a detailed questionnaire and semi- structured interviews. Our study engaged all FMLS students. The methodology reports ques- tionnaire and interview findings and assesses the model's role. Descriptive statistics were used to address research queries, complemented by qualitative analysis. The study aims to de- termine whether GPT can be considered as an effective tool for academic vocabulary devel- opment. The independent variable is the use of GPT technology, while the dependent variable is academic vocabulary enhancement. Key areas of focus include the role of GPT in the ac- quisition and appropriate use of academic vocabulary and its potential to foster or hinder aca- demic vocabulary development. Findings reveal that students perceive GPT as an effective tool for academic vocabulary enhancement when using the model with awareness. However, the study also identified potential drawbacks, such as over-reliance on the tool, which may hinder the independent development of academic vocabulary. Despite these challenges, the research highlights the potential of GPT as a supportive tool for fostering academic language. Participants emphasized the importance of guide implementation, with clear instructions to balance the benefits of GPT with traditional learning methods.Item Masonic Symbolism in Katy Perry’s Dark Horse Video Clip: A Semiotic Analysis.(University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi Tebessa, 2025) Lina BELGHIT, Ourida GAZOUNAThis dissertation investigates the potential presence and significance of Masonic symbolism within Katy Perry's "Dark Horse" music video through the lens of semiotics. Adopting a qualitative approach based on Roland Barthes’ semiotics, the study identifies and analyzes potential Masonic symbols embedded in the visual elements of the video. The study reveals the employment of symbols such as the All-Seeing Eye and geometric patterns, suggesting implicit meanings in relation to power, knowledge, and esoteric narratives. While elaborating on the research process, the study highlights the complexity involved in analyzing dynamic visual media and emphasizes the importance of a systematic, (theory driven) approach. This research is a ground and it is recommended that more research be carried out on a broader range of visual texts and audience reception. It contributes to the fields of semiotics and linguistics by applying semiotic theory to a less explored area of popular culture and demonstrates the importance of critical media literacy, particularly in the Algerian media.